|
|
Plant Name |
Toxic Principle |
Clinical Signs |
| Aloe Vera |
saponins |
vomiting, depression, diarrhea,
anorexia, tremors, change in urine color |
| Amaryllis |
lycorine & others |
vomiting, depression, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, hypersalivation, anorexia, tremors |
| Andromeda Japonica |
grayantoxin & possibly arbutin (a
glucoside of hydroquinone) |
vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation,
weakness, coma, hypotension, CNS depression,
cardiovascular collapse and death |
| Asian Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy, and
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be affected |
| Asparagus Fern |
not available |
allergic dermatitis with repeated
dermal exposure. Berry ingestion could result in gastric
upset (vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea). |
| Australian Nut |
unknown |
depression, hyperthermia, weakness,
muscular stiffness, vomiting, tremors, increased heartrate.
Only reported in dogs at this time. |
| Autumn Crocus |
colchicine and other alkaloids |
oral irritation, bloody vomiting,
diarrhea, shock, multi-organ damage, bone marrow
suppression |
| Avocado |
persin |
vomiting, diarrhea, death,
inflammation of mammary glands of rabbits, goats, cattle,
and horses- Cardiac failure in goats- Respiratory
distress, generalized congestion, fluid accumulation
around the heart |
| Azalea |
grayantoxin |
vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation,
weakness, coma, hypotension, CNS depression,
cardiovascular collapse and death |
| Bird of Paradise |
possibly hydrocyanic acid |
gastrointestinal disorders such as
diarrhea, vomiting, incoordination is possible. Deaths in
rabbits have been reported. |
| American Bittersweet |
unknown (but may contain euonymin) |
weakness, convulsions,
gastroenteritis (vomiting, diarrhea.) |
| European Bittersweet |
solanine, saponins, atropine-like
substances |
drooling, inappetence, severe gastric
upset, drowsiness, lethargy, weakness, dilated pupils,
slow heartrate |
| Branching Ivy |
hederagenin (a steroid saponic
glycoside), triterpenoid saponins, and falcardinol and
didehydrofalcarinol. The foliage is more toxic than the
berries. |
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea,
hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever,
polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, and
incoordination |
| Buckeye |
aesculin |
severe gastroenteritis, depression or
hyperexcitability, dilated pupils, coma |
| Buddist Pine |
not available |
severe vomiting and diarrhea |
| Caladium hortulanum |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Calla Lily |
calcium oxalate crystals
|
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Castor Bean |
ricin |
Beans are very toxic: oral
irritation, burning of mouth and throat, increase in
thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney failure, convulsions. |
| Ceriman (aka Cutleaf Philodendron) |
calcium oxalate crystals
|
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Charming Diffenbachia |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Chinaberry Tree |
tetranortriterpene-neurotoxins,
unspecified gastroenteric toxin |
Berries are most toxic. Can see slow
heartrate, diarrhea, vomiting, depression, weakness,
seizures, and shock. |
| Chinese Evergreen |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Christmas Rose |
veratrin (a glycoside) |
abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody
diarrhea, convulsions, delirium. |
| Clematis |
protoanemonin |
vomiting, diarrhea, oral ulcers,
ataxia irritant or vesicant action |
| Cordatum |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Corn Plant (aka Cornstalk Plant) |
not available |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness. |
| Cycads |
cycasin |
vomiting, melena, icterus, increased
thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising,
coagulopathy, liver damage, liver failure, death |
| Cyclamen |
cyclamine (possibly) |
vomiting, gastrointestinal
inflammation, and death |
| Daffodil |
narcissine, narcipoeitin, lycorineh,
other alkaloids |
severe gastrointestinal disorders,
convulsions, shivering, hypotension, dermatitis, muscular
tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias |
| Day Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be affected |
| Devil's Ivy |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Dumb Cane |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Deadly Nightshade |
solanine, saponins, atropine like
substances |
hypersalivation, inappetence, severe
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, drowsiness, CNS
depression, confusion, behavioral change, weakness,
dilated pupils, slow heart rate |
| Easter Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy, and
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be affected |
| Elephant Ears |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Emerald Feather (aka Emerald Fern) |
not available |
allergic dermatitis with repeated
dermal exposure. Berry ingestion could result in gastric
upset (vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.) |
| English Ivy |
hederagenin (a steroid saponic
glycoside), triterpenoid saponins, and falcardinol and
didehydrofalcarinol. The folliage is more toxic than the
berries. |
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea,
hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever,
polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, and
incoordination |
| Fiddle-Leaf Philodendron
|
calcium oxalate crystals
|
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Flamingo Plant |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Florida Beauty |
not available |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness. |
| Foxglove |
cardiac glycosides |
cardiac arrhythmias, vomiting,
diarrhea, weakness, cardiac failure, death. |
| Fruit Salad Plant |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Glacier Ivy |
hederagenin (a steroid saponic
glycoside), triterpenoid saponins, and falcardinol and
didehydrofalcarinol. The folliage is more toxic than the
berries. |
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea,
hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever,
polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, and
incoordination |
| Gladiolas |
not available |
vomiting, occasionally with blood,
depression, diarrhea, occasionally with blood,
hypersalivation, abdominal pain. |
| Glory Lily |
Colchicine related alkaloids |
oral irritation, bloody vomiting,
diarrhea, shock, kidney and liver damage, bone marrow
suppression |
| Gold Dieffenbachia |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Gold Dust Dracaena |
not available |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness |
| Golden Pothos |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Green Gold Nephthysis
|
calcium oxalate crystals
|
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Hahn's self branching English Ivy |
hederagenin (a steroid saponic
glycoside), triterpenoid saponins, and falcardinol and
didehydrofalcarinol. The folliage is more toxic than the
berries. |
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea,
hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever,
polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, and
incoordination |
| Heartleaf Philodendron |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Heavenly Bamboo |
cyanogenic glycosides |
cyanosis, pale mucous membranes, slow
heartrate, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory congestion,
seizures, semi-coma, respiratory failure, death |
| Holly |
saponins |
intense vomiting and diarrhea,
depression |
| Horsehead Philodendron |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Hurricane Plant |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Hyacinth |
possibly narcissus-like alkaloids |
intense vomiting, diarrhea,
occassionally with blood, depression and tremors |
| Iris |
not available |
vomiting, occasionally with blood,
depression, diarrhea, occasionally with blood,
hypersalivation, abdominal pain |
| Japanese Show Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be affected |
| Japanese Yew (aka Yew) |
taxine |
sudden death from acute cardiac
failure, early signs- muscular tremors, dyspnea, seizures
in dogs |
|
Jerusalem Cherry |
solanine |
gastrointestinal disturbances,
possible ulceration of the gastrointestinal system,
seizures, depression, respiratory depression, and shock |
| Kalanchoe |
bufodienalides |
may cause vomiting, diarrhea,
bufodienalides are cardiotoxic |
| Lace Fern |
not available |
allergic dermatitis with repeated
dermal exposure. Berry ingestion could result in gastric
upset (vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.) |
| Lacy Tree |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Lily of the Valley |
cardiac glycosides, convallarin,
convallatoxin |
ataxia, vomiting, cardiac
arrhythmias, death |
| Macadamia Nut |
unknown |
depression, hyperthermia, weakness,
muscular stiffness, vomiting, tremors, increased heartrate.
Only reported in dogs at this time. |
|
Madagascar Dragon Tree |
not available |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness. |
| Marble Queen |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Marijuana |
THCC- Tetrahydrocannabinal |
Prolonged CNS depression, respiratory
depression, weakness, ataxia, sedation, sometimes
hyperexcitation. |
| Mauna Loa Peace Lily (aka Peace Lily) |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Mexican Breadfruit |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Mistletoe "American" |
toxalbumin, pharatoxin viscumin
|
gastrointestinal disorders,
cardiovascular collapse, dyspnea, bradycardia, erratic
behavior, (hallucinogenic in humans) |
| Morning Glory |
lysergic acid |
seeds may cause hallucination, may
cause diarrhea |
| Mother-in-Law |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Narcissus |
narcissine, narcipoeitin, lycorineh,
other alkaloids |
severe gastrointestinal disorders,
convulsions, shivering, hypotension, dermatitis, muscular
tremors, and cardiac arrhythmias |
| Needlepoint Ivy |
hederagenin (a steroid saponic
glycoside), triterpenoid saponins, and falcardinol and
didehydrofalcarinol. The folliage is more toxic than the
berries. |
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea,
hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever,
polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, and
incoordination |
| Nephthytis |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
|
Nightshade (includes several varieties, the most
common being Deadly Nightshade, Black , Nightshade and Silverleaf
Nightshade |
solanine, saponins, atropine like
substances |
hypersalivation, inappetence, severe
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, drowsiness, CNS
depression, confusion, behavioral change, weakness,
dilated pupils, slow heart rate |
| Oleander |
cardiac glycosides, nerioside,
oleandroside, oleandrin |
vomiting, diarrhea, cardiac
abnormalities, decreased body temperature, death |
| Onion |
N-propyldisulfide |
cats are more sensitive,
gastrointestinal upset, hemolytic anemia, heinz body
anemia, hemoglobinuria |
| Orange Day Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be affected |
| Panda |
calcium oxalate crystals
|
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Peace Lily (aka Mauna Loa Peace Lily) |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Philodendron Pertusum |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Plumosa Fern |
not available |
allergic dermatitis with repeated
dermal exposure. Berry ingestion could result in gastric
upset (vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.) |
| Poinsettia |
not available |
generally over-rated in toxicity. Can
cause oral irritation to mouth and stomach. May see
drooling, vomiting, or nausea. Signs are typically mild
and self-limiting |
| Precatory Bean |
Abrin (Toxalbumin) and Abric Acid
(glycoside) |
beans are very toxic, especially if
broken or chewed. Can see severe vomiting and diarrhea,
increased body temperature, incoordination, inappetence,
and death. |
|
Queensland Nut |
unknown |
depression, hyperthermia, weakness,
muscular stiffness, vomiting, tremors, increased heartrate.
Only reported in dogs at this time. |
| Red Emerald Philodendron |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Red Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be
affected. |
| Red-Margined Dracaena (aka
Straight-Margined Dracaena) |
unknown |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness. |
| Red Princess Philodendron |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Rhododendron |
grayantoxin |
vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation,
weakness, coma, hypotension, CNS depression,
cardiovascular collapse and death |
| Ribbon Plant Dracaena |
not available |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness. |
| Rubrum Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be
affected. |
| Saddle Leaf Philodendron |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Sago Palm |
cycasin |
vomiting, melena, icterus, increased
thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising,
coagulopathy, liver damage, liver failure, death |
| Satin Pothos |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Schefflera |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Spotted Dumb Cane |
calcium oxalate crystals
|
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Stargazer Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be
affected. |
| Striped Dracaena |
not available |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness. |
| Sweetheart Ivy |
hederagenin (a steroid saponic
glycoside), triterpenoid saponins, and falcardinol and
didehydrofalcarinol. The foliage is more toxic than the
berries. |
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea,
hyperactivity, breathing difficulty, coma, fever,
polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness, and
incoordination |
| Swiss Cheese Plant
|
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Taro Vine |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Tiger Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be
affected. |
| Tomato Plant - green parts only |
solanine |
hypersalivation, inappetence, severe
gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, drowsiness, CNS
depression, confusion, behavioral change, weakness,
dilated pupils, slow heart rate. |
| Tropic Snow Dumbcane
|
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Tulip |
Unavailable |
intense vomiting, depression,
diarrhea, hypersalivation, inappetence |
| Variable Dieffenbachia |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Variegated Philodendron |
calcium oxalate crystals |
oral irritation, intense burning and
irritation of the mouth, lips, tongue, excessive drooling,
vomiting, difficulty in swallowing |
| Warneckei Dracaena |
not available |
In cats: dilated pupils, breathing
difficulty, abdominal pain, increased heartrate and
drooling. In both cats and dogs: vomiting, depression,
inappetence, drooling, incoordination, and weakness. |
| Wood Lily |
unknown |
vomiting, inappetence, lethargy,
kidney failure. Cats are only species known to be
affected. |
| Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow |
unknown |
depression, vomiting, diarrhea,
muscle tremors, convulsions, increase urinations,
incoordination, hyperthermia |
| Yew (aka Japanese Yew) |
taxine A and B |
sudden death from acute cardiac
failure, early signs- muscular tremors, dyspnea, seizures
in dogs |
| Yucca |
not available |
vomiting, depression, diarrhea, drooling, seizures
|
Another excellent list for toxic plants - color codes for toxic
levels!
TakeTheLead - Poisonous Plants |
